Frequency of International Relations (FETRIAN)

The Sub-Saharan Refugee Crisis: Three Decades of Somali Refugees in Kenya, How did Kenya become the home of half a million Somali refugees?

Isobel Rose Meharg — Tue, 13 Jun 2023 00:00:00 -0400

The case study seeks to unpack the origins of Somali displacement and the subsequent Kenyan policy responses to the unfolding crisis.

The Somali refugee crisis is unique. Somalia has been the site of one of the longest humanitarian crises in the world. There is not simply one reason for so many globally and internally displaced Somalis, but an accumulation of factors.

The research paper shall follow a threefold structure. Firstly, an outline of the context under which these people became refugees to aid understanding of the displacement from Somalia over three decades. Secondly, this paper shall address why Kenya is the predominant destination of those leaving Somalia. This section shall also focus on Kenyan policy in response to the evolving refugee situation. Finally, this paper will focus on the changing policy of Kenya, the attempts to resettle Somali refugees and to close the Dadaab complex. One will pose the question why this policy is not working.

Uncover the Indonesia Middlepowermanship: When Indonesia find the Middle Power Moment?

Bima Jon Nanda — Tue, 13 Jun 2023 00:00:00 -0400

Indonesia is middle power state. But no state can be a middle power all the time. There is middle power moment which allows ones to pursue its middle powerdom. This article aim to explain Indonesia middlepowermanship and its middle power moment. This article applies a data-driven, qualitative approach using secondary data. This article argues that Indonesia middlepowermanship is Indonesia’s persistent effort to build a rules-based regional order in Southeast Asia and the broader Indo-Pacific using ASEAN and Bali Democracy Forum. While Indonesia middle power moment started as early of 2003, when Indonesia take the role as ASEAN chairmanship that lead into Bali Concord II and ASEAN Charted 2008.

The Strategy of Taiwan Digital Diplomacy Association (TDDA) for Taiwan’s International Presence

Eva Ermylina — Tue, 13 Jun 2023 00:00:00 -0400

This paper examines Taiwan Digital Diplomacy Association (TDDA) 's strategy for gaining public awareness of Taiwan’s international presence. As a non-governmental and non-profit organization, TDDA can be classified as a civil society that has a pure interest. Unlike other civil society organizations which focus on human rights, justice, or environmental issues, the goal of TDDA is to promote Taiwan on the global stage. By using digital platform and actively campaigning on social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, TDDA acts as a part of citizen diplomat and helps the country reaches its goal which is to be present in the international community since Taiwan is isolated by China due the Cross-Strait issue and One China Policy. Moreover, this paper is a descriptive and qualitative research which is analysed by using the concept of civil society. The data is collected from interviewing the project manager of TDDA, research journals, and the internet sources such as official websites and social media. It can be mentioned that TDDA uses two main strategies to get its aim namely advocating and networking. However, how effective this strategy is not explained in this paper, the research about that topic might be done in the future.

Respon China Terhadap Kebijakan Penempatan Sistem Terminal High Altitude Area Defence Korea Selatan

Muhamad Aryabima, Muhammad Aryabima Pratama, Son Adillah Patra — Tue, 13 Jun 2023 00:00:00 -0400

South Korea is working with the United States to develop a Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) defense system to defend the country from possible attacks by North Korea. However, China objected to this because it was considered a threat to the country's security. Researchers are trying to find out what the response given by China is in accordance with the objections they raised. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with secondary data sources. The result was that China implemented a boycott policy and various prohibitions on products and tourism which had an impact on the South Korean economy. As a way out, South Korea issued a public statement known as the “three no’s” to normalize relations with China.

Role of the Orangutan Information Centre in Orangutan Conservation in Gunung Leuser National Park Through the Collaborative Management Plan-Small Grants Program

Athalla Vareel Ebsyar, Zulkifli Harza, Putiviola Elian Nasir — Tue, 13 Jun 2023 00:00:00 -0400

The habitat of the Sumatran orangutan in the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area is under threat, due to illegal logging activities, construction of facilities and infrastructure, and encroachment on boundaries. In an effort to overcome this problem, the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) in collaboration with the Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (Kfw) created the Small Grants Program (SGP). SGP aims to support the efforts of the ASEAN Heritage Park (AHP) in protecting biodiversity, one of which is the orangutan. TNGL as AHP has been selected to run SGP in Indonesia and the Orangutan Information Centre (OIC) has been selected as a partner to run the SGP cycle one and cycle two at TNGL. OIC as a non-governmental organization (NGO) is taking part in orangutan conservation efforts in Gunung Leuser National Park through the Small Grants Program of the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity. The research method used is qualitative using descriptive analysis research types and utilizing interview data with the Orangutan Information Center and observations of the Gunung Leuser National Park. The concept of the role of non-governmental organizations according to Lewis and Kanji is used to answer the research problem formulation. In the SGP ACB project, OIC plays the role of implementer by carrying out activities, namely restoring the Induk Barak area, compiling technical guidelines for orangutan protection and mitigation strategies on the Karo Langkat road, conducting surveys of orangutan population density on the Karo Langkat road and Halaban restoration. As a catalyst OIC carried out activities namely facilitating restoration training for the Barak Induk community group, advocating for the government for the protection and mitigation of orangutans on the Karo Langkat road, conducting permaculture activities in (Halaban village, Telagah village and Bukit Mas village). As a partnership, OIC carries out activities, namely working with the Barak Induk community to restore the Barak Induk area, working with the government to conduct a population density survey of orangutans on the Karo Langkat and Halaban roads.

Implementasi CITES Oleh Indonesia Dalam Perdagangan Hiu Martil dan Hiu Sutra

Carina Maynelfa, Anita Afriani Sinulingga, Silvi Cory — Fri, 23 Jun 2023 00:00:00 -0400

Analyzing the obstacles faced by Indonesia when implementing Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna(CITES) rules regarding the protection of sharks that are listed in Appendix II. Hammerhead sharks and silk sharks are the types of sharks that were listed in Appendix II in 2013 and 2016. Indonesia has ratified CITES from 1978 until now it is still implementing CITES rules. Various regulations have been made by the government to show its seriousness in dealing with the problem of catching sharks for trade. There has been an increase in shark catches and trade despite various efforts. The obstacles experienced by Indonesia were analyzed using the concept of Abram Charles and Chayes, namely regime compliance which has three indicators, namely ambiguity, lack of capacity, and temporal dimension. This study uses a descriptive methodology with a qualitative approach. The researcher found that Indonesia experienced obstacles in implementing the CITES regime for the protection of sharks, especially hammerheads and silks because of the national rules derived from the ratified CITES convention causing doubts or ambiguity in domestic regulations and Indonesia's limited capacity at the level of education and technology for coastal communities as well and also fishermen's dependence on haul from sharks. Several conditions experienced by Indonesia are obstacles in implementing CITES rules, especially the protection of hammerhead sharks and silk sharks.